Reason for the sensitivity status
There have been recorded confiscations of species of the Babiana genus from illegal collection. This genus is in demand and of popular interest in international horticultural trade. Few known locations of occurrence with existing threats causing population decline makes this species vulnerable to further population loss. Were exploitation to also occur, recruitment and recovery may be poor. Releasing data on this species could exacerbate threat and vulnerability.
This species is either similar to another sensitive species or belongs to a group containing sensitive species, and is extremely rare in the wild. The localities of wild populations need to be protected to avoid loss to exploitation, which, due to its rarity, could drive the species to extinction within a very short time.
Exploitation extent
Uncertain - No data exists yet showing that this species is exploited in the wild, however it has one or more relatives or look-alike species (found in South Africa or globally) that are known to be utilised. This species has a similar life form or other relevant traits to its exploited relative(s), making it highly likely that it would be exploited for the same purposes.
Justification and references
According to the SANBI Red List Assessment this species is Endangered (Manning and Raimondo, 2006). This species and genus are both increasing in demand and of popular interest in local and international horticultural trade as indicated by several online marketplace, e-commerce and auction sites. There have been recorded confiscations of Babiana spp. from illegal collections (2021, confiscation data provided by Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden). This suggests that this genus is being targeted and that this species may be at risk from the wild.
Manning, J.C. and Raimondo, D. 2006. Babiana odorata L.Bolus. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 2021/12/24
Population vulnerability
Population is vulnerable: size is <= 2500 mature individuals OR the number of known subpopulations is <= 5 OR range is <= 100km2 OR species at risk of localised extinctions
Justification and references
The population (extent of occurrence <3500 km² across four locations) has a decreasing trend as a result of habitat loss and degradation caused by wheat cultivation, pollution and alien plant invasion. One location has lost 98% of individuals to urban infrastructure expansion since 2005 (Manning and Raimondo, 2006).
Manning, J.C. and Raimondo, D. 2006. Babiana odorata L.Bolus. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 2021/12/24
Targeted demographics
Unknown.
Regeneration potential
This species has a slow population growth rate, or the growth rate varies depending on habitat, and there is a poor chance the wild populations will recover from exploitation OR a collector might feasibly harvest the entire extant population removing the chance of subsequent recruitment.
Justification and references
The population growth rate is unknown. Population size is likely to be limited by suitable habitat. Should exploitation occur, even if only cuttings or leaves are collected, compounded with ongoing wheat cultivation, pollution and alien plant invasion which have been identified as threats (Manning and Raimondo, 2006), the chance of populations recovering may be poor.
Manning, J.C. and Raimondo, D. 2006. Babiana odorata L.Bolus. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 2021/12/24
